Understanding and Supporting Neurodivergent Children in Schools

A Basic Overview of Neurodiversity and Neurodivergence #

Neurodiversity refers to the diversity of human brains and minds—the infinite variation in neurocognitive functioning within our species. This concept is analogous to biodiversity and recognises that differences in brain functioning are a natural and valuable aspect of human diversity.

Neurodivergence, on the other hand, describes the brains and minds that function differently from what is considered typical or neurotypical. This term encompasses a range of conditions including autism, ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, and others. While neurodiversity is a broad, inclusive term, neurodivergence focuses on individuals whose neurological differences significantly impact their daily lives and experiences. Neurodivergence takes into account how the natural differences seen within neurodiversity interacts with a society that is built for brains that function in a specific “neurotypical” way.

2. The Experience of Being Neurodivergent as a Child #

For many neurodivergent children, school can be a perplexing and isolating environment. These children often feel different but cannot pinpoint why, particularly because many neurodivergent conditions remain undiagnosed, especially in girls. This sense of being different without understanding the reason can lead to feelings of alienation and confusion.

Neurodivergent children frequently receive more negative feedback than their neurotypical peers. Their behaviours and ways of processing information are often misunderstood, leading to reprimands and corrections rather than support and understanding. This consistent negative reinforcement can severely impact their self-esteem and sense of belonging.

Challenges Neurodivergent Children Face in School #

The school environment can be particularly daunting for neurodivergent children, highlighting their differences and placing additional stress on them. Many feel compelled to “mask” their true selves to fit in, a process that involves suppressing their natural behaviours and responses to conform to neurotypical expectations. Masking is exhausting and can lead to burnout and emotional outbursts.

Schools are often sensory-rich environments with bright lights, loud noises, and strong smells, which can be overwhelming for neurodivergent children. These sensory stimuli can trigger anxiety, discomfort, and meltdowns, making it difficult for them to focus and learn effectively.

Strategies to Foster Inclusion and Belonging #

To create a more inclusive and supportive environment for neurodivergent children, schools can adopt several strategies:

Positive and Understanding Feedback: Teachers and staff should provide reassurance and constructive feedback, recognising that neurodivergent children may not naturally exhibit neurotypical behaviours. Tailoring behavioural expectations and focusing on strengths rather than deficits can promote a more positive self-image.

Sensory-Friendly Spaces: Providing quiet, calm spaces where neurodivergent children can retreat when overstimulated is crucial. These areas should be free from harsh lighting, loud noises, and strong smells, offering a safe haven to regroup and recharge.

Educating and Promoting Understanding: Implementing a zero-tolerance policy on discrimination and microaggressions is essential. Educating all students about neurodiversity fosters empathy and understanding, helping neurotypical children support their neurodivergent peers. Encouraging acceptance and celebrating differences can create a more inclusive classroom culture.

Individualised Support Plans: Schools should work with parents, caregivers, and specialists to develop individualised support plans that address each neurodivergent child’s unique needs. This approach ensures that children receive the specific accommodations and support they require to thrive.

Ultimately, neurodivergent children just want to feel accepted within their environments, so the more you can read up about the various conditions, and understand how they feel, the better equipped you will be to help them. This is why the distinction between neurodiversity and neurodivergence is an important one. Neurodiversity is the natural variations seen in the human brain, and neurodivergence is a result of the society that we have built, and therefore, we all have a responsibility to rebuild our parts of society to be more neuroinclusive.